Self-regulation Induced by the State in Japan

I. Introduction: the Varieties of State Engagement in Self-regulation | II. Self-regulation Foreseen by the State in a Statute | 1. Referral to Accounting Standards | 2. Self-commitment by Retailors of Financial Products | III. Self-regulation Endorsed by the State as Regards the Interpretation of a Statute | 1. The Determination of Gross Negligence in Allocating Risk Associated with the Use of Forged or Stolen Bank Cards | 2. The Exemption of Internet Providers from Liability | IV. Self-regulation Encouraged by the State to Complement Statutory Regulation | V. Self-regulation Coordinated by the State in the Absence of a Statutory Basis | 1. Voluntary Undertakings on Consumer-oriented Management | 2. Technical Standards for DVDs Recording Television Programmes | VI. Conclusions