Terminology, Development, and Institutional Framework of Self-regulation in Japan

I. Introduction | II. Definition | 1. General Concept | 2. Self-regulation and Self-administration | 3. Conformity with Public Interests? | 4. Self-regulation in “Private Law” | 5. Self-regulation as an Ambiguous Form of Rule-making | III. Historical Development | 1. Self-regulation in Pre-modern Japan (before 1868) | 2. Developments in the Meiji, Taishō, Shōwa, and Heisei Periods | IV. Frame of Self-regulation in Japan | 1. Diversity of Self-regulation | a) Finance, Investment, and Capital Market Law | b) Accounting Law | c) Banking Law | d) Consumer Law | e) Labor Law | f) Retirement Homes | g) Others | 2. Categories of Self-regulation | a) Genuine Self-regulation | b) Self-regulation Informally Guided by the Government Administration | c) Legally Induced Self-regulation or Regulated Self-Regulation | V. Typical Features of Self-regulation in Japan | VI. Conclusion