Function and Dysfunction of Catalytic Judicial Review in Japan

I. Introduction | II. Ely, CPPT, and Japan | III. Political Process Malfunctions and Failure of Judicial Intervention in Japan | IV. The Development of the Catalytic Function of the Japanese Judiciary | 1. Extrajudicial Effects and the Catalytic Function of Judicial Review | 2. The Development of Catalytic Judicial Review and Its Background | V. The Transformation and Dysfunction of Catalytic Judicial Review | 1. Dysfunction of the Catalytic Review Since Circa 2000 | 2. The Catalytic Review and Political Competition | VI. Conclusion